Forrest destroyed Grant's rail and telegraphic communications, and inflicted 1,500 casualties on the Union Army. On December 10, 1862, breaking from Confederate General Braxton Bragg's Army, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest, began a series of raids that disrupted Union positions. Grant's plan to capture Vicksburg by a joint-venture with Sherman's Army was thwarted by two Confederate raids. Grant's own Union military advance was made vulnerable to Confederate attack by a 190 mile railroad supply line. Pemberton, who was stationed at Jackson, Mississippi, that was a distance of 45 miles from Vicksburg. The Confederate commander of Vicksburg was General John C. Sherman would advance on Vicksburg from the Mississippi River. On December 8, Grant informed Henry Halleck, his commanding general, of his military convergence plan to advance on Vicksburg overland, while Union Major General William T. On December 1, Grant's cavalry continued to move South, crossed the Tallahatchie River, and captured Oxford, Mississippi. On November 13, Grant's cavalry had advanced on and captured Holly Springs, Mississippi, and set up an advanced supply station. Grant, launched an aggressive Civil War campaign to take the Confederate citadel of Vicksburg, Mississippi. On November 2, 1862, Union Major General Ulysses S. Historians and Grant biographers have generally been critical of the order. Grant claimed during his 1868 Presidential campaign that he had issued the order without prejudice against Jews as a way to address a problem that "certain Jews had caused". Jewish community leaders protested, and there was an outcry by members of Congress and the press President Abraham Lincoln countermanded the General Order on January 4, 1863. Thirty Jewish families were roughly treated and expelled from the city. Although delayed by Van Dorn's raid, Grant's order was fully implemented at Paducah, Kentucky. On December 20, 1862, three days after Grant's order, Confederate Major General Earl Van Dorn's Confederate Army raided Holly Springs, preventing the potential expulsion of many additional Jews. Union military commanders in the South were responsible for administering the trade licenses and trying to control the black market in Southern cotton, as well as for conducting the war.Īt Holly Springs, Mississippi, Grant's Union Army supply depot, Jews were rounded up and forced to leave the city by foot. Grant issued the order in an effort to reduce Union military corruption, and stop an illicit trade of Southern cotton, which Grant thought was being run "mostly by Jews and other unprincipled traders." In the war zone, the Lincoln administration authorized licensed traders through the Army, which created a market for unlicensed ones. The order expelled all Jews from Grant's military district, comprising areas of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky. Grant on December 17, 1862, during the Vicksburg Campaign, that took place during the American Civil War. 11 was a controversial order issued by Union Major-General Ulysses S. Not to be confused with General Order No.
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